Calcusyn for windows
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It is widely held that, in general, there is an increased risk of cancer mortality in women with type 2 diabetes.
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When resistance is suspected, usually after a treatment-free interval of less than 6 months, doxorubicin is commonly preferred as the second-line treatment. Patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma are treated differently according to the presence of suspected platinum resistance. However, despite a good initial response after surgery and first-line chemotherapy in chemo-naive cells, most patients relapse within 18 months and receive second-line chemotherapy with unfortunately poor response rates. Currently, paclitaxel in combination with a platinum agent such as carboplatin are the first line of treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. 1 This situation has created the need for new treatment alternatives that prolong and improve patient survival and quality of life. Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, principally due to late-stage diagnosis and limited effectiveness of currently available treatments, especially in the recurrent disease. In conclusion, we present data that support the need for a clinical study to evaluate the adjuvant maintenance or prescription of currently approved doses of metformin during the chemotherapeutic treatment of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, in 5 (44%) of the 11 ovarian cancer primary cultures, micromolar metformin improved the cytotoxic response to carboplatin but not paclitaxel or doxorubicin. We demonstrate that previous exposure and maintenance of metformin in conjunction with carboplatin produces a synergistic enhancement in cytotoxicity of A2780 and SKOV3 cells (55% and 43%, respectively). Our results in cell lines demonstrate that no significant loss of viability or change in cell cycle was observed with micromolar metformin alone however, we observed cytotoxicity with micromolar metformin in combination with chemotherapy at concentrations where the chemotherapy alone produced no loss in viability. Herein, our aim was to examine whether micromolar concentrations of metformin alone could bring about cancer cell death and whether micromolar metformin could increase the cytotoxic effect of commonly used chemotherapies in A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines and primary cultured cancer cells isolated from the peritoneal fluid of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However, this explanation does not fit with clinical data reporting that the women exposed to constant micromolar concentrations of metformin, as present in the treatment of diabetes, respond better to chemotherapy. The literature has speculated that this enhancement is due to the high concentration of metformin directly causing cancer cell death. The use of the type 2 diabetics drug metformin has been correlated with enhanced progression-free survival in ovarian cancer.